Modulating calbindin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the cochlear nucleus by moderate noise exposure in mice. . A...

The number of calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin immunoreactive (IR) neurons were characterized on sections from the cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) using two-dimensional quantification. After noise exposure (6-12 kHz, 2 h, at either 80 dB SPL or 103 dB SPL), the number of calbindin and parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons increased in CBA/CBA mice. Quantitative analysis of calbindin-IR in the PVCN did not show a statistically significant difference between any of the groups, whereas statistically significant differences in calbindin-IR were found in the DCN for the 103 dB and 80 dB group compared to the control group, and 103 dB compared to the 80 dB group, respectively. A statistically significant increase in the number of parvalbumin-IR neurons in the PVCN and the DCN was evident in the 103 dB and 80 dB group compared to the control group, and in the 103 dB compared to the 80 dB group. The data indicate that increasing sound stimulation causes a graded increase in the expression of calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity in the DCN and PVCN neurons and neuropil. This increase of protein expression is due to increased positive immunoreactivity in 'silent' neurons. These findings implicate that these neurons have the possibility to react against trauma and display calbindin or parvalbumin as a rescue event. The ability to map sound-induced calcium-binding protein changes in auditory neurons may be useful in future studies designed for detecting early patterns of neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in the central auditory pathway.