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Related Experiment Videos

Method for identifying prostate cells in semen using flow cytometry

R J Barren1, E H Holmes, A L Boynton

  • 1Cancer Research Division, Pacific Northwest Cancer Foundation, Seattle, Washington 98125-7001, USA.

The Prostate
|August 4, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Semen analysis can help diagnose prostate cancer. This study found distinct prostate cells in semen, differentiating cancer patients from healthy individuals using PSMA:cytokeratin ratios.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between 4.0-10 ng/ml lack specificity for differentiating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and prostate cancer.
  • Accurate cytologic or histologic assessment is crucial for diagnosis, but biopsies are invasive and not frequently repeated.
  • A novel technique using semen for differential diagnosis of prostate epithelial cells is explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of using semen as a source for prostate epithelial cell analysis.
  • To develop a method for differentiating prostate cancer cells from normal prostate cells in semen.

Main Methods:

  • Semen samples were collected from prostate cancer patients and individuals without evidence of disease.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Cells were stained with antibodies against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), PSA, and cytokeratins 8 and 18.
  • Flow cytometry (FACSCaliber) was used to analyze cell populations, including DNA content and PSMA:cytokeratin ratios.

    • Main Results:

    • All semen specimens contained diploid, cytokeratin 18-positive epithelial cells.
    • Distinct differences in PSMA:cytokeratin ratios were observed between prostate cancer and normal prostate cell samples.
    • Prostate cancer patients had a mean PSMA:cytokeratin ratio of 0.57, compared to 0.11 in disease-free individuals, a statistically significant difference.

    Conclusions:

    • Human semen contains prostate cells that can be effectively characterized.
    • Semen analysis offers a viable method for the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.