Pollen-related allergy in Europe

Area of Science:

• Aerobiology
• Allergology
• Environmental Health

Background:

• Increased European travel requires data on airborne allergen exposure during international trips.
• Aeropalynologic and allergologic studies have advanced, leading to international pollen and hay fever forecasting networks.
• Europe's diverse climate and vegetation create regional variations in pollen calendars.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the need for reliable information on seasonal airborne allergen exposure for travelers in Europe.
• To summarize current understanding of European pollen distribution and its influencing factors.
• To highlight the impact of emerging allergens and airborne particles on pollinosis.

Main Methods:

• Review of aeropalynologic and allergologic studies.
• Analysis of international pollen and hay fever forecast networks.
• Examination of clinical and aerobiological data on pollen distribution and airborne particles.

Main Results:

• Pollen calendars vary across Europe, with pollination generally occurring from spring to autumn.
• Grass pollen is the most common cause of pollinosis; Betulaceae pollen is significant in Northern Europe.
• Mediterranean regions have distinct pollen types (e.g., Parietaria, Olea, Cupressus); allergen maps are shifting due to climate, plant introductions, and travel (e.g., Ambrosia expansion).
• Studies on fine airborne particles are crucial for understanding deep lung penetration and pollinosis impact.

Conclusions:

• Pollen exposure varies significantly across Europe, influenced by regional climate, vegetation, and anthropogenic factors.
• The changing pollen landscape necessitates updated information for travelers and healthcare providers.
• Further research into allergen-carrying particles is vital for managing respiratory allergic diseases.