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Mucosal HIV infection

R Ullrich1, W Schmidt, T Zippel

  • 1Medical Clinic I (Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases), University Clinic Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany. ullrich@zedat.fu-berlin.de

Pathobiology : Journal of Immunopathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology
|August 7, 1998
PubMed
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The gastrointestinal tract is a key site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and replication throughout the disease. Intestinal HIV production, particularly early on, contributes significantly to viral load and symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a significant site for clinical manifestations and persistent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • HIV is detected in GI biopsies within mononuclear cells and epithelial cells, indicating widespread viral presence.
  • Epithelial cells in vitro can be productively infected and transport HIV via transcytosis, independent of CD4 expression.

Discussion:

  • In vivo, productive HIV infection of GI epithelial cells is infrequent, despite in vitro evidence.
  • Mucosal HIV infection is active across all disease stages, with the GI tract as a major viral source.
  • High levels of intestinal HIV production early in the disease correlate with GI symptoms and histological changes.

Key Insights:

Related Experiment Videos

  • HIV production in the intestine is upregulated transcriptionally or translationally.
  • Local cytokine levels correlate with localized variations in HIV production within the GI tract.
  • gp120 interaction with galactosyl ceramide may mediate HIV transcytosis in epithelial cells.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into epithelial cell interactions with HIV could reveal novel therapeutic targets.
    • Understanding the regulation of mucosal HIV production is crucial for managing viral load and disease progression.
    • Investigating the role of cytokines in modulating GI HIV replication may lead to targeted interventions.