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Functional magnetic resonance imaging in macaque cortex

D J Dubowitz1, D Y Chen, D J Atkinson

  • 1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Neuroreport
|August 7, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers developed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for awake rhesus macaques, enabling direct comparison of human and monkey brain studies. This advance integrates human fMRI data with extensive monkey neurophysiology research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Bridging the gap between human fMRI studies and extensive non-human primate (monkey) neuroscientific data is crucial for understanding brain function.
  • Existing non-human primate brain research relies heavily on invasive techniques like single-electrode mapping, radioisotope studies, and histology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique for use in awake, cooperative rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
  • To generate the first fMRI images from a macaque model using a standard clinical 1.5T MRI scanner.
  • To characterize key magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in the macaque brain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a conventional clinical 1.5T MRI scanner with a standard volume knee coil for data acquisition.

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  • Developed an MR-compatible monkey restraint system for maintaining subject stability.
  • Optimized a suitable Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) sequence for Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) contrast, tailored to macaque T2 relaxation times.
  • Employed a Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) sequence for high-resolution anatomical imaging, optimized for macaque T1 relaxation times.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved good image resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and a significant BOLD response (2.6-4.6%) in macaques.
    • Determined macaque gray and white matter T1 values (1490 ms, 1010 ms) and T2 values (55 ms, 48 ms), noting differences compared to human brain values.
    • Acquired fMRI data with voxel sizes ranging from 29 to 61 microliters and anatomical images with 0.8 mm isotropic resolution.

    Conclusions:

    • Successfully established a non-invasive fMRI technique for awake macaques, facilitating comparative neuroscience.
    • The developed methodology provides high-quality BOLD and anatomical images, suitable for detailed brain research in primates.
    • This advancement enables a more integrated approach to understanding brain organization and function across species.