Expression of lipoprotein receptors in atherosclerotic lesions

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the presence of lipid-loaded cells which are derived from macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Several lipoprotein receptors may be involved in cellular lipid uptake. These receptors include: scavenger receptor(s); LDL receptor-related protein/alpha2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP); LDL receptor; and VLDL receptor. With the exception of the LDL receptor, all of these receptors are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. While scavenger receptors are mostly expressed in macrophages, the LRP and VLDL receptor may play an important role in mediating lipid uptake in smooth muscle cells. It is evident that no single receptor pathway is solely responsible for the increased lipid uptake in lesion cells but several redundant mechanisms may contribute to the uptake and degradation of lipoproteins in atherosclerotic lesions.