[Neurological urology -- a new specialty]

Neuro-urological methods for investigating neurogenic bladder dysfunctions are discussed. A knowledge of central and autonomous pathways of bladder innervation is the basis for an understanding of the pharmacodynamics of the bladder. Successful treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction is impossible without urodynamic assessment. Conservative, as well as operative measures of therapy are mentioned. Urinary diversion (ileal conduit) is nowadays no longer undertaken merely as a last resort to prevent chronic upper urinary tract infection, stone formation, contracted kidney and uremia, but is a positive, practicable alternative for the disabled patient. Especially for the younger patient, in whom the social aspects of this situation are of great importance, ileal conduit provides the possibility of a socially-adjusted existence.