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Fibre and breast cancer
1Cancer Research Center, INSERM-CRLC, Montpellier, France.
Summary
Dietary fiber may reduce breast cancer risk, particularly with high intake levels. While evidence is mixed, a fiber-rich diet is recommended due to biological plausibility and benefits for other health conditions.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The hypothesis linking dietary fiber intake to reduced breast cancer risk is supported by biological plausibility and some study findings.
- However, epidemiological evidence remains inconsistent, with many studies failing to demonstrate a significant risk reduction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the evidence for a relationship between dietary fiber intake and breast cancer risk.
- To explore potential explanations for the inconsistent findings in epidemiological studies.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental, interventional, and observational studies on fiber intake and breast cancer.
- Analysis of intervention studies measuring plasma estrogen levels as an endpoint.
Main Results:
- Intervention studies showed lower breast cancer incidence in women on high-fiber, low-fat diets compared to Western diets.
- Observed risk reduction appears dependent on the level of fiber intake.
Conclusions:
- Despite incomplete evidence, recommendations for a fiber-rich diet (cereals, fruits, vegetables) are warranted.
- Further research is needed, including improved nutritional surveys, food composition data, and robust epidemiological studies.