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Structural evaluation of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia

R W Buchanan1, K Vladar, P E Barta

  • 1Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21228, USA. rbuchana@umaryland.edu

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|August 12, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients show reduced gray matter volume in the inferior prefrontal cortex. This study investigated structural brain differences in schizophrenia, focusing on prefrontal cortex morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Altered prefrontal cortical function is linked to schizophrenia.
  • Previous studies lacked focus on specific prefrontal regions, hindering understanding of structural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate selective morphological abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia.
  • To utilize precise anatomical landmarks to subdivide the prefrontal cortex into superior, middle, inferior, and orbital regions for detailed analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to acquire high-resolution images.
  • Gray matter volumes of four prefrontal regions, along with total gray and white matter volumes, were measured.
  • 24 healthy controls and 18 patients with schizophrenia were included in the study.

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Main Results:

  • Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significant gray matter volume reductions in the inferior prefrontal cortex (both right and left hemispheres).
  • No significant differences in gray matter volume were observed in other prefrontal regions.
  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited decreased total white matter and total brain volumes in the prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with schizophrenia exhibit relatively selective reductions in inferior prefrontal cortex gray matter volume.
  • These findings highlight specific structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex associated with schizophrenia.