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Related Experiment Videos

High plasma free fatty acids decrease splanchnic glucose uptake in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes

T Tomita1, Y Yamasaki, M Kubota

  • 1First Department of Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Japan.

Endocrine Journal
|August 13, 1998
PubMed
Summary

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High free fatty acid (FFA) levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients impair glucose uptake. Lowering FFA levels during a clamp study improved insulin-mediated glucose uptake in both peripheral and splanchnic tissues.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • High plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels are observed in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
  • These elevated FFA levels are hypothesized to contribute to insulin resistance in NIDDM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether maintaining normal plasma FFA levels in NIDDM patients affects insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
  • To determine the impact of reduced FFA on peripheral glucose uptake (PGU) and splanchnic glucose uptake (SGU).

Main Methods:

  • Nine NIDDM subjects underwent two protocols: a lipid infusion study (L) to maintain fasting FFA levels and a saline infusion study (S) to lower FFA levels.
  • Both protocols involved a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with an oral glucose load (clamp OGL).
  • Measurements included plasma FFA levels, PGU, and SGU under hyperinsulinemic conditions.

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Main Results:

  • High FFA levels significantly reduced PGU (L: 26.7 +/- 3.6 vs. S: 32.1 +/- 3.4 mumol.kg-1.min-1).
  • High FFA levels also significantly reduced SGU (L: 12.1 +/- 4.2% vs. S: 27.5 +/- 5.6%).
  • Lowering FFA levels improved insulin-mediated glucose uptake in both tissue types.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated plasma FFA levels in NIDDM patients impair insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
  • This impairment affects both peripheral and splanchnic tissues.
  • Controlling FFA levels may be a therapeutic target for improving insulin sensitivity in NIDDM.