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Updated: May 10, 2026

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test
08:58

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test

Published on: April 30, 2019

DNA immunization protects nonhuman primates against rabies virus

D L Lodmell1, N B Ray, M J Parnell

  • 1Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA. dlodmell@atlas.niaid.nih.gov

Nature Medicine
|August 13, 1998
PubMed
Summary

DNA rabies vaccines offer promising protection against the deadly virus. Studies show these vaccines elicit strong immune responses and protect nonhuman primates from lethal rabies challenge, suggesting a potential future for human immunization.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Rabies causes over 40,000 deaths annually, primarily in developing nations with limited public health resources and access to preventive treatments.
  • Current rabies vaccines, often derived from cell culture or animal brains, are costly, hindering widespread use in resource-limited settings.
  • DNA vaccines offer potential advantages due to their stability and cost-effective mass production capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of DNA vaccines for rabies immunization in humans.
  • To compare the immunogenicity and protective immunity induced by DNA vaccines versus a conventional human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV).

Main Methods:

  • Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus) monkeys were vaccinated with DNA encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein or with HDCV.
  • Vaccinated monkeys were subsequently challenged with a non-passaged rabies virus.
  • Neutralizing antibody responses and survival rates were assessed post-challenge.

Main Results:

  • Both DNA and HDCV vaccination induced comparable primary and anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses.
  • All monkeys vaccinated with DNA or HDCV survived the rabies virus challenge, demonstrating protective immunity.
  • Monkeys vaccinated only with the DNA vector (without the gene insert) developed rabies, highlighting the importance of the encoded antigen.

Conclusions:

  • DNA immunization elicits protective immunity in nonhuman primates against a lethal central nervous system viral pathogen.
  • Serum from DNA- or HDCV-vaccinated monkeys neutralized a broad range of rabies virus variants.
  • Rabies DNA vaccines show significant promise for future human immunization strategies, particularly in developing countries.