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Local reflex in microcirculation in human subcutaneous tissue

O Henriksen

    Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
    |August 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Increased transmural pressure in limb vessels triggers a vasoconstrictor response in subcutaneous tissue, reducing blood flow. This local nervous mechanism, involving adrenergic nerves, protects against edema.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Vascular Biology
    • Adipose Tissue Research

    Background:

    • Transmural pressure significantly influences blood flow regulation in peripheral tissues.
    • Understanding the mechanisms controlling subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow is crucial for metabolic and vascular health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of altered transmural pressure on subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in healthy subjects.
    • To elucidate the underlying neural and vascular mechanisms responsible for these changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated three healthy subjects, manipulating transmural pressure via postural changes, local subatmospheric pressure, or venous stasis.
    • Measured subcutaneous blood flow using the 133Xenon local washout technique in the leg and forearm.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized pharmacological blockade (phentolamine, lidocaine) and counterpressure to identify the nervous mechanism.

    • Main Results:

    • A transmural pressure increase of ≥25 mmHg reduced blood flow by ~50% due to vasoconstriction.
    • This vasoconstrictor response was blocked by phentolamine, lidocaine, or counterpressure, maintaining constant blood flow.
    • The findings suggest a local nervous mechanism involving adrenergic nerves, likely initiated by stretch receptors in small veins and affecting arterioles.

    Conclusions:

    • The vasoconstrictor response to increased transmural pressure is mediated by a local adrenergic nervous mechanism.
    • This response acts as a protective factor against edema by counteracting increased transmural pressure in exchange vessels.
    • Blocking this response reveals autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue.