Cytogenetics and the biological basis of sarcomas

Recently, much research has been directed toward gaining a better understanding of sarcoma biology. To accomplish this goal, researchers have focused on characterizing the cytogenetic abnormalities that are detectable by routine karyotyping. With the use of widely-available molecular biologic tools, new information on the genetic abnormalities of sarcomas is rapidly emerging. In addition, physicians are beginning to successfully apply cytogenetic and molecular biologic findings to clinical settings in the form of molecular diagnostic and prognostic tests. Moreover, detailed study of these genetic abnormalities is leading to a better understanding of the molecular pathology of sarcomas, which may eventually lead to better therapy. In this paper, we will review the important new findings on genetic abnormalities in sarcomas, clinical applications of cytogenetic studies, and insight into the biology of sarcomas.