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Pathways regulating cardiovascular changes during volume loading in awake dogs

V S Bishop, D F Peterson

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
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    Cardiac sympathetic nerves modulate heart rate during acute volume loading in dogs. While the vagus nerve is primary, sympathetic activity fine-tunes the response, but doesn

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Autonomic Nervous System Regulation
    • Baroreceptor Reflexes

    Background:

    • Acute volume loading triggers complex cardiovascular adjustments.
    • The roles of cardiac sympathetic nerves and arterial baroreceptors are not fully elucidated.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing cardiovascular homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the contribution of cardiac sympathetic nerves and arterial baroreceptors to cardiovascular responses during acute volume loading.
    • To determine the efferent pathways involved in these responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Conscious dogs were subjected to acute volume loading.
    • Cardiovascular parameters (mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, peripheral resistance) were monitored.

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  • Surgical interventions included baroreceptor denervation, dorsal root sections, and ansa subclavia sections (cardiac sympathectomy).

    • Main Results:

    • Acute volume loading increased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output, while decreasing peripheral resistance.
    • Neither baroreceptor denervation nor partial sympathetic interruption altered these responses.
    • Total cardiac sympathectomy significantly attenuated the heart rate increase.
    • Epinephrine augmented heart rate responses in both innervated and sympathectomized dogs.

    Conclusions:

    • The vagus nerve is the primary efferent pathway for reflex tachycardia during volume loading.
    • Cardiac sympathetic neural activity modulates, but is not essential for, the heart rate response.
    • The nervous system does not play a significant role in the observed changes in peripheral resistance.