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A clinical review of 209 pilomatricomas
1Department of Dermatology, Treliske Hospital, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
Background:
Pilomatricomas have a wide variety of clinical characteristics and are often misdiagnosed. This can result in extensive surgery for an essentially benign condition.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to define the clinical and histologic spectrum of these tumors to aid diagnosis.
Methods:
Two hundred nine cases were analyzed retrospectively with regard to age at presentation, site, size, and physical appearance.
Results:
Pilomatricomas appear at any age, with peak presentation bimodally in the first and sixth decade. Their most common site is the head and neck. Presentation is of a hard nodule, either deeply subcutaneous and invisible or superficial with possible erosion through the skin surface. This may lead to a false diagnosis of malignancy or of an epidermoid cyst. An association with myotonic dystrophy has been confirmed, as is the rare occurrence of malignant transformation.
Conclusion:
Careful clinical examination and a high index of suspicion results in an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and the avoidance of unnecessarily extensive surgery.