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Intestinal protozoa important to poultry

L R McDougald1

  • 1Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA.

Poultry Science
|August 26, 1998
PubMed
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Poultry parasites like coccidia and flagellates cause significant economic losses. Effective control strategies for these avian diseases are crucial for flock health and performance.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Avian Health
  • Poultry Diseases

Background:

  • Coccidia (Eimeria) and flagellates (Histomonas meleagridis) are significant poultry parasites.
  • Eimeria species affect chickens and turkeys, while Histomonas meleagridis causes blackhead disease, particularly in turkeys.
  • Cryptosporidium is common but its impact is less understood, except for respiratory issues in turkey poults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the importance of coccidia and flagellates in poultry.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods for coccidiosis.
  • To highlight control strategies for these parasitic infections.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis of coccidiosis involves clinical signs, gross lesions, and microscopic examination of fecal and intestinal samples.

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  • Control of coccidiosis relies on anticoccidial drugs and immunization.
  • Histomonas meleagridis is transmitted by Heterakis gallinarum cecal worm eggs, requiring management of the worm carrier.

    • Main Results:

    • Coccidiosis diagnosis is established through characteristic signs and lesions, aided by microscopy.
    • Preventive anticoccidial medication and immunization are key for coccidiosis control.
    • Blackhead disease outbreaks, especially in broiler breeder pullets, result in high mortality, culling, and poor performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of poultry parasites, including coccidia and Histomonas, is vital for economic viability.
    • While coccidiosis has established control measures, blackhead disease lacks direct treatments in the U.S., necessitating preventive strategies targeting Heterakis gallinarum.