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Long-term glioblastoma multiforme survivors: a population-based study
J N Scott1, N B Rewcastle, P M Brasher
1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary.
Summary
Long-term glioblastoma multiforme survivors (LTGBMS) are rare, occurring in only 1.8% of patients. Younger age, higher performance status, and slower tumor proliferation characterize these rare glioblastoma survivors.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Cancer epidemiology
- Clinical neurology
Background:
- Long-term glioblastoma multiforme survivors (LTGBMS) are rare, with their frequency and predictive factors largely unknown.
- Understanding factors contributing to long-term survival in glioblastoma (GBM) is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the population-based frequency of LTGBMS.
- To identify patient, treatment, and tumor characteristics that predict long-term survival in glioblastoma patients.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Alberta Cancer Registry to identify GBM cases diagnosed between 1975-1991.
- Reviewed patient charts and re-examined histology by a blinded neuropathologist.
- Defined LTGBMS as survival >= 3 years and compared them to matched controls.
Main Results:
- Identified 279 GBM cases; 1.8% (5 patients) were LTGBMS (survival 3.2-15.8 years).
- LTGBMS were significantly younger (avg. 45 vs 59 years) and had higher Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) at diagnosis.
- LTGBMS tumors showed lower mitotic counts and a reduced Ki-67 proliferative index; radiation-induced dementia was common.
Conclusions:
- Glioblastoma multiforme carries a dismal prognosis with a low rate of long-term survival (1.8%).
- Younger age, higher KPS, and less rapid tumor proliferation are associated with long-term glioblastoma survival.
- Long-term survival in GBM survivors is often associated with severe treatment-induced dementia.