The living canvas

In the United States, body art has gradually moved from the fringes of society into the mainstream. This article focuses on the health issues surrounding this practice. The literature cites numerous infectious diseases and complications resulting from or linked to body art. Tattoos have been linked to skin neoplasms, piercing has been associated with hepatitis B and C risk, and branding is strongly associated with infection. Although it is a theoretical risk, no documented cases of HIV have been acquired from a tattoo or piercing. In general, tattooing, piercing and branding are unlicensed and unregulated industries. In many communities, tattoo artists and establishments are not subject to health inspections, body art practitioners are not required to be trained in anatomy, infection control or universal precautions, and the contents of tattoo dyes have never received FDA approval. Healing times for body art are variable, depending on type and location. Obtaining body art is a long-term commitment, and patients should be fully aware of this.