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Updated: Oct 28, 2026

Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
Published on: January 20, 2023
A multicenter evaluation of a new continuous cardiac output pulmonary artery catheter system
F G Mihm1, A Gettinger, C W Hanson
1Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Objective:
To validate a new system of continuous cardiac output monitoring.
Design:
Multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.
Setting:
Four university hospitals.
Patients:
Forty-seven adult intensive care unit patients.
Interventions:
Pulmonary artery catheterization.
Measurements And Main Results:
Continuous and bolus cardiac output measurements were obtained over 72 hrs. The 327 continuous cardiac output measurements compared favorably with bolus cardiac output measurements (bias = 0.12 L/min, precision = +/-0.84). The continuous cardiac measurement was not adversely affected by temperatures of <37 degrees C or >38 degrees C, high (>7.5 L/min) or low (<4.5 L/min) cardiac output values, or duration (72 hrs) of the study.
Conclusions:
This continuous cardiac output system provides a reliable estimate of cardiac output for clinical use if applied in conditions similar to this study. The combination of a continuous measure of cardiac output with other continuous physiologic monitoring (arterial and mixed venous oxygen saturation, oxygen consumption, etc.) may provide important information that no single parameter could achieve.
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