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Urinary bladder mural hemorrhage associated with systemic bleeding disorders in three dogs
1Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA.
Summary
Diffuse bladder wall thickening in dogs can indicate mural hemorrhage, often linked to bleeding disorders like immune-mediated thrombocytopenia or vitamin K antagonist toxicity. This thickening typically resolves over time, especially with treatment.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Radiology
- Canine Internal Medicine
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Urinary bladder wall thickening can be caused by various conditions in dogs.
- Mural hemorrhage is a less common but significant cause of bladder wall thickening.
- Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment and prognosis.
Observation:
- Three dogs presented with diffuse urinary bladder wall thickening.
- Sonographic measurements of bladder wall thickness ranged from 5 to 12 mm.
- Two dogs had immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and one had vitamin K antagonist toxicity.
Findings:
- All dogs exhibited mural hemorrhage as the cause of bladder wall thickening.
- In surviving dogs, bladder wall thickness normalized, resolving at approximately 1 mm per day.
- Necropsy in one euthanatized dog confirmed submucosal hemorrhage in the urinary bladder.
Implications:
- Mural hemorrhage should be a key consideration in dogs with concurrent bleeding disorders and bladder wall thickening.
- Sonography is a valuable tool for assessing bladder wall thickness and monitoring resolution.
- Early diagnosis and management of underlying bleeding disorders can lead to favorable outcomes.