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Nocturnal excretion of a urinary melatonin metabolite among electric utility workers
J B Burch1, J S Reif, M G Yost
1Department of Environmental Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, United States.
Objectives:
The effects of 60-Hz magnetic field and ambient light exposures on the pineal hormone melatonin were studied among electric utility workers.
Methods:
Personal exposure was measured at 15-second intervals over 3 consecutive 24-hour periods. Exposure metrics based on magnetic field intensity, intermittence, or temporal stability were calculated for periods of work, home, and sleep. A rate-of-change metric (RCM) was used to estimate intermittence, and the standardized RCM (RCMS = RCM/standard deviation) was used to evaluate temporal stability. The effects of magnetic field exposure on total overnight 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS) excretion and creatinine-adjusted nocturnal 6-OHMS (6-OHMS/cr) concentration were analyzed with adjustment for age, month, and light exposure.
Results:
Magnetic field intensity, intermittence, or cumulative exposure had little influence on nocturnal 6-OHMS excretion. Residential RCMS magnetic field exposures were associated with lower nocturnal 6-OHMS/cr concentrations. In multivariate statistical analyses, the interaction term for geometric mean and RCMS magnetic field exposures at home was associated with lower nocturnal 6-OHMS/cr and overnight 6-OHMS levels. Modest reductions in the mean 6-OHMS levels occurred after RCMS exposures during work. The greatest reductions occurred when RCMS exposures both at work and at home were combined; therefore the effects of temporally stable magnetic fields may be integrated over a large portion of the day.
Conclusions:
Results from this study provide evidence that temporally stable magnetic field exposures are associated with reduced nocturnal 6-OHMS excretion in humans.