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Related Experiment Videos

Infant B cell responses to polysaccharide determinants

G T Rijkers1, E A Sanders, M A Breukels

  • 1Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Wilhelmina's Children Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. grijkers@wkz.azu.nl

Vaccine
|August 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Infants under two years cannot produce antibodies to bacterial polysaccharides, increasing infection risk. Conjugate vaccines overcome this, inducing a protective IgG1 antibody response in young children.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Infants under 2 years are susceptible to encapsulated bacterial infections due to an inability to produce antibodies against bacterial capsular polysaccharides.
  • Bacterial capsular polysaccharides are T cell independent type 2 antigens that typically induce IgG2 antibodies.
  • Neonatal B lymphocytes show reduced expression of CD21 (type 2 complement receptor), a key co-stimulatory molecule for polysaccharide recognition, explaining unresponsiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunological basis for infant unresponsiveness to polysaccharide antigens.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines in overcoming early-life unresponsiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of B lymphocyte activation mechanisms in neonates and infants.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of antibody production in response to polysaccharide antigens and conjugate vaccines.

    • Main Results:

    • Neonatal B lymphocytes exhibit reduced CD21 expression, impairing responses to polysaccharides.
    • Polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines effectively induce an immune response in infants.
    • The induced antibody response to conjugate vaccines is predominantly IgG1, differing from the typical IgG2 response to unconjugated polysaccharides.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced CD21 expression on neonatal B cells contributes to poor responses to bacterial polysaccharides.
    • Polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are a viable strategy to induce protective immunity against encapsulated bacteria in early infancy.