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[Vascular dysfunction in hypertension evaluated by nonivasive assessment of arterial impedance]
J D Espinosa1, G Velikovsky, S Graf
1Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Fundación Favaloro.
Insights
High blood pressure impacts arterial vessels by altering resistance and stiffness, affecting heart function. This review explores non-invasive methods to assess these hemodynamic changes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular physiology
- Biomedical engineering
- Clinical hypertension research
Context:
- High blood pressure (hypertension) significantly impacts arterial vessels, affecting systemic vascular resistance, arterial compliance, and wave reflection.
- These vascular changes can lead to increased left ventricular afterload, altered pressure/flow waves, and detrimental effects on the heart, including structural changes, increased oxygen demand, and reduced coronary perfusion.
- Traditionally, assessing arterial function and impedance required invasive techniques.
Purpose:
- To review and evaluate the utility of non-invasive methods for assessing arterial impedance components.
- To understand how these non-invasive methods can evaluate hemodynamic alterations caused by hypertension.
Summary:
- This review focuses on non-invasive techniques for evaluating key components of arterial impedance: systemic vascular resistance, arterial compliance, and wave reflection.
- It discusses how increased systemic vascular resistance and arterial stiffness, hallmarks of hypertension, modify left ventricular afterload and pressure/flow wave morphology.
- The review highlights the shift from invasive to non-invasive approaches for assessing arterial function in the context of hypertension.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive overview of non-invasive methods for evaluating arterial hemodynamics in hypertensive individuals.
- Facilitates better understanding and clinical assessment of cardiovascular risks associated with hypertension.
- Supports the development and application of advanced diagnostic tools for managing arterial stiffness and related cardiovascular conditions.
Abstract:
The effects of high blood pressure on arterial vessels has become an important topic of research. These effects can be evaluated by analyzing three major components: systemic vascular resistance, arterial compliance and wave reflection. The increase in systemic vascular resistance and arterial stiffness produces modifications of left ventricular afterload and morphologic changes of pressure and flow waves. These effects can eventually cause structural changes of the left ventricle, an increase in oxygen consumption and a decrease in coronary perfusion. Until recently, invasive methods were the only means to evaluate arterial function. The aim of this review is to assess the usefulness of non invasive methods to determine the components of arterial impedance in order to evaluate the hemodynamic changes due to high blood pressure.