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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
Published on: June 22, 2016
Alterations in early biochemical events following T cell activation in leprosy patients
N Sharma1, V K Sharma, A Gupta
1Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Abstract:
The early events of activation and cytokine profiles (IL-2, 4, and 6) were studied in lymphocytes of paucibacillary (TT/BT) and multibacillary (BL/LL) leprosy patients after stimulation with PMA/A23187 and Mycobacterium leprae antigen (PGL-1). Lymphocytes from BT/TT patients showed proliferation in response to both PMA/A23187 and PGL-1 compared to BL/LL. The levels of early activation signaling molecules such as IP3, calcium, and protein kinase C (PKC) in the particulate fraction were found to be elevated in BT/TT and BL/LL patients and showed a further significant increase after stimulation with PMA/A23187 in BT/TT patients. PGL-1 marginally increased the IP3 levels in BT/TT patients, whereas in BL/LL patients, it had no effect. The levels of IL-2 were enhanced in lymphocytes of BT/TT leprosy patients and were further augmented by PPD and PGL-1, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were increased in LL/BL lymphocytes and further augmented by PGL-1. Thus PGL-1 seems to be a major culprit in inducing the TH2-type cytokine response observed in lepromatous leprosy patients.
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