At issue: is household crowding a risk factor for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?
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Updated: Oct 28, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
1Stanley Foundation Research Programs, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Abstract:
Five studies have reported that being born or raised in an urban area is a risk factor for developing psychosis later in life. The authors hypothesize that increased exposure to infectious agents through household crowding might account for this association.
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