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Hemispheric specialization in schizophrenics with perceptual aberration

M S White1, B A Maher, T C Manschreck

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. mswhite@fas.harvard.edu

Schizophrenia Research
|August 28, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients show altered brain hemisphere specialization, particularly those with perceptual aberrations. This suggests a potential subtype of schizophrenia linked to disrupted cerebral lateralization and cognitive processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with atypical brain lateralization and hemisphere specialization.
  • Previous studies on cognitive processing in schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent results due to methodological variations and patient heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hemisphere specialization for verbal and spatial information processing in male schizophrenic patients.
  • To examine the relationship between perceptual aberration symptoms and cerebral lateralization in schizophrenia.
  • To control for confounding factors that affected prior research in this area.

Main Methods:

  • Administered tachistoscopic letter and facial recognition go/no-go reaction time tasks to 15 male schizophrenic patients and 14 male controls.

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  • Utilized Chapman et al.'s Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) to assess perceptual aberration symptoms.
  • Analyzed data for hemisphere advantages in processing verbal (letters) and spatial (faces) information.

    • Main Results:

    • Both controls and schizophrenics demonstrated left hemisphere advantages for letter recognition.
    • Controls showed right hemisphere advantages for facial recognition, but schizophrenics did not.
    • A significant negative correlation was found between schizophrenics' PAS scores and hemisphere advantages, with a subgroup exhibiting reversed left hemisphere advantages.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizophrenia is linked to anomalous hemisphere specialization, especially in individuals with high perceptual aberration.
    • The findings suggest a potential subtype of schizophrenia characterized by disrupted cerebral lateralization and altered cognitive processing.
    • Further research is warranted to explore the clinical significance of this subgroup and its distinct disease process.