[Twelve cases of systemic lupus erythematosus in boys]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Rheumatology
• Immunology
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Research

Background:

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with varied clinical presentations.
• Understanding sex-based differences in pediatric SLE is crucial for diagnosis and management.
• Previous research indicates potential disparities, but comprehensive comparisons are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the clinical manifestations and disease severity of SLE in boys versus girls.
• To identify specific patterns associated with SLE onset and progression in pediatric males.
• To investigate sex-specific differences in central nervous system and renal involvement in childhood SLE.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 12 boys and 49 girls diagnosed with SLE.
• Comparison of demographic, clinical, serological, and histopathological findings.
• Evaluation of specific symptoms, complications, and laboratory markers between sexes.

Main Results:

• Boys with SLE showed earlier diagnosis and a higher incidence of central nervous system complications (58.3%) compared to girls (30.6%).
• Higher platelet counts, increased prevalence of LE cells, anti-Sm antibodies, and immune complexes were observed in boys.
• Severe renal pathology (WHO Type IV or V) was present in 70% of boys, suggesting greater renal involvement.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric SLE in boys is associated with increased severity, characterized by higher rates of central nervous system and severe renal complications.
• Distinct serological and pathological patterns in boys may indicate a more aggressive disease course.
• Findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific factors in the diagnosis and management of childhood SLE.