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Related Experiment Videos

Can risk factor screening predict hepatitis C antibody reactivity?

U Magriples1, P Bernstein, E Snyder

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA.

American Journal of Perinatology
|August 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study found a 3.6% Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence using second-generation testing. Risk factor screening is effective but misses some cases, highlighting the need for broader testing strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant global health concern.
  • Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing HCV and preventing complications.
  • Risk factor-guided screening is a common approach to identify individuals eligible for HCV testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) using second-generation testing.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of risk factor-guided screening for HCV detection.
  • To identify key risk factors associated with HCV infection in the studied population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 886 consecutive patients over one year.
  • HCV exposure determined by second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

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  • Positive results confirmed by radioimmunoblot assay (RIBA); risk factors analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

    • Main Results:

    • A prevalence of 3.6% (32 out of 886) confirmed HCV cases was observed.
    • Significant correlations found between HCV and age, intravenous drug use, and history of hepatitis (p <0.001).
    • Risk factor screening demonstrated 81% sensitivity, but 21% of HCV-positive women had no identifiable risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Risk factor screening is effective in identifying patients at low risk for HCV.
    • The negative predictive value of absence of risk factors was high (98.7%).
    • A portion of HCV-infected individuals may not be identified through risk factor-guided screening alone, suggesting potential benefit from broader testing approaches.