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Fetal growth and placental function

M K Bauer1, J E Harding, N S Bassett

  • 1Research Centre for Developmental Medicine and Biology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, New Zealand. m.bauer@auckland.ac.nz

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|August 29, 1998
PubMed
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Maternal undernutrition impacts fetal growth by altering nutrient availability and the somatotrophic axis. The placenta actively integrates these signals, influencing fetal development beyond simple nutrient transfer.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Fetal growth is primarily dependent on nutrient supply from the mother via the placenta.
  • Maternal undernutrition can disrupt nutrient availability and endocrine signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex relationship between maternal nutrition, placental function, and fetal growth.
  • To elucidate the role of the maternal and fetal somatotrophic axis, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), in regulating fetal development.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on nutrient transfer, endocrine signaling, and placental function.
  • It examines the influence of maternal and fetal growth hormone (GH)-IGF-1 systems on placental activity.

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Main Results:

  • Maternal undernutrition affects both maternal and fetal somatotrophic axes, which respond similarly to limited nutrient supply.
  • Hormones like IGF-1 are key regulators of fetal growth, and their production is influenced by placental function.
  • The placenta actively produces hormones, including GH and IGF-1, and their receptors, indicating a role beyond passive nutrient transport.

Conclusions:

  • The placenta is an active endocrine organ that integrates maternal and fetal endocrine signals to regulate fetal growth.
  • Understanding the interplay between nutrition, endocrine axes, and placental function is crucial for addressing fetal growth disorders.