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Immune responses in space flight

G Sonnenfeld1

  • 1Department of General Surgery Research, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|August 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Space flight significantly impacts immune responses, affecting cells like leukocytes and natural killer cells. These immune changes, observed both during and after missions, may pose risks with longer space travel duration.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Space Medicine
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Space flight alters human and animal immune parameters, including leukocyte function and cytokine production.
  • Observed changes manifest within days and persist throughout missions, with limited data on antibody responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of space flight on immunological parameters.
  • To identify potential contributing factors and mechanisms behind these immune alterations.
  • To highlight the significance of in-flight immune monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on space flight and immune responses in humans, monkeys, and rodents.
  • Analysis of various immune parameters: leukocyte blastogenesis, natural killer cell activity, cytokine production, and antibody levels.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Regulatory PhysiologyNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inclusion of recent in-flight testing data on delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell activities.

    • Main Results:

    • Space flight affects leukocyte blastogenesis, natural killer cell activity, cytokine production, and macrophage function.
    • In-flight studies show decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and inhibited natural killer and blastogenic activities.
    • Total antibody levels may increase after long-term space flight.

    Conclusions:

    • Space flight induces significant, measurable changes in immune responses.
    • Factors like microgravity, stress, and radiation likely contribute to these immune alterations.
    • The biological significance of these changes warrants further investigation, especially concerning long-duration missions.