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Viruses and multiple sclerosis

P Monteyne1, J F Bureau, M Brahic

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Unité des Virus Lents, ERS 572 CNRS, Paris, France.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|September 2, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Investigating viruses and genetics in immune-mediated demyelination, like in multiple sclerosis (MS), is crucial. While no definitive MS virus exists, human herpesvirus-6 and a novel retrovirus warrant further study for their potential roles.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Immune-mediated demyelination, as seen in multiple sclerosis (MS), may involve complex interactions between viral infections and host genetic factors.
  • Multiple sclerosis is characterized by histopathological heterogeneity, suggesting diverse underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential role of viral agents and host genetics in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated demyelination, particularly in the context of multiple sclerosis.
  • To evaluate recent findings regarding human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and a novel retrovirus in relation to multiple sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal models of viral-induced demyelination.
  • Analysis of recent data concerning human herpesvirus-6 antigens in multiple sclerosis brain tissue.

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  • Investigation of a newly identified retroviral sequence, multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus (MSRV), from multiple sclerosis samples.

    • Main Results:

    • Animal models demonstrate virus-host genetic interactions causing immune-mediated demyelination.
    • No specific 'multiple sclerosis virus' has been identified to date.
    • Preliminary data suggests the presence of human herpesvirus-6 antigens in some multiple sclerosis brains.
    • Multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus, an endogenous retrovirus-9 family member, has been isolated from multiple sclerosis material, but its association remains tentative.

    Conclusions:

    • Mechanisms observed in animal models of viral-induced demyelination may be relevant to certain forms of multiple sclerosis.
    • Further research is needed to investigate the potential role of human herpesvirus-6 in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
    • The association between multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus expression and multiple sclerosis requires more robust evidence.