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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Genetic Studies of Human DNA Repair Proteins Using Yeast as a Model System
14:09

Genetic Studies of Human DNA Repair Proteins Using Yeast as a Model System

Published on: March 18, 2010

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9, RAD17, RAD24 and MEC3 genes are required for tolerating irreparable,

A G Paulovich1, C D Armour, L H Hartwell

  • 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.

Genetics
|September 2, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Checkpoint genes in yeast regulate DNA replication and repair. This study shows these genes are crucial for handling UV-damaged DNA, impacting mutagenesis and sister chromatid exchange during replication.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell cycle checkpoints regulate DNA replication and repair in response to DNA damage.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint mutants exhibit sensitivity to DNA alkylating agents.
  • The role of S phase regulation in DNA repair and replication of damaged DNA is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of S phase regulatory mutations in the ability of excision repair-defective yeast cells to replicate UV-damaged DNA.
  • To determine the impact of impaired S phase regulation on survival, mutagenesis, and sister chromatid exchange after UV irradiation.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing survival rates of yeast strains after UV irradiation.
  • Measuring UV-induced and spontaneous mutagenesis.
  • Quantifying sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction, particularly replication-dependent SCE.

Main Results:

  • RAD9, RAD17, RAD24, and MEC3 are essential for UV-induced mutagenesis but not spontaneous mutagenesis.
  • RAD9 and RAD17 are required for maximal induction of replication-dependent sister chromatid exchange.
  • REV3, RAD24, and MEC3 are not required for maximal induction of replication-dependent sister chromatid exchange.

Conclusions:

  • Checkpoint genes play a critical role in managing DNA damage during replication, beyond just controlling cell cycle progression.
  • These genes are involved in accommodating irreparably damaged DNA templates during replication, influencing genetic outcomes like mutation and SCE.
  • The findings highlight a dual function of checkpoint genes in both cell cycle control and DNA damage tolerance during S phase.