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Clinically relevant mechanical properties of elastomeric impression materials

J Chai1, Y Takahashi, E P Lautenschlager

  • 1Northwestern University Dental School, Chicago, Illinois, USA. jchai@nwu.edu

The International Journal of Prosthodontics
|September 5, 1998
PubMed
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This study compared the mechanical properties of nine elastomeric impression materials. Polysulfides offer superior tear energy, while poly(vinyl siloxane) materials exhibit high strain tolerance for easier removal.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Elastomeric impression materials are crucial in dentistry for accurate prosthodontic and orthodontic restorations.
  • Understanding their mechanical properties is essential for selecting appropriate materials based on clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the modulus of elasticity, yield strength, strain at yield point, and tear energy of nine elastomeric impression materials.
  • To provide data that aids in the selection of impression materials with optimal mechanical characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Tensile load tests were performed on 10 dumbbell-shaped specimens of each material to determine modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and strain at yield point.
  • Standard trousers tear tests were conducted on 10 specimens of each material to calculate tear energy.

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Main Results:

  • Poly(vinyl siloxane) putty demonstrated the highest modulus of elasticity and yield strength.
  • Polysulfide materials exhibited the highest tear energy, indicating superior resistance to tearing.
  • Poly(vinyl siloxane) impression materials showed the highest strain at the yield point, suggesting good strain tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Higher rigidity in putty or polyether impression materials may increase difficulty during removal and risk of die breakage.
  • The high strain tolerance of poly(vinyl siloxane) materials facilitates distortion-free removal from undercuts.
  • Polysulfides are superior in tear resistance, making them suitable for thin impression sections.