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Mycolic acids. A reinvestigation

P A Steck, B A Schwartz, M S Rosendahl

    The Journal of Biological Chemistry
    |August 25, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers isolated approximately 24 mycolic acids from mycobacteria using advanced chromatography, revealing a greater diversity than previously known. This finding impacts our understanding of these essential bacterial cell wall components.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Mycolic acids are crucial components of mycobacterial cell walls.
    • Previous studies identified only 2-4 mycolic acids per species.
    • Understanding mycolic acid diversity is key to targeting mycobacteria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for mycolic acid fractionation.
    • To determine the diversity of mycolic acids in various Mycobacterium species.
    • To re-evaluate the structural complexity of mycolic acids.

    Main Methods:

    • Mycolic acids were extracted from Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium bovis Bovinus I, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
    • A two-step HPLC procedure involving adsorption and reverse-phase chromatography was employed.

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  • Mycolic acids were derivatized as p-bromophenacyl esters for analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • The HPLC method successfully isolated approximately 24 distinct mycolic acids from each bacterial species.
    • This represents a significant increase compared to the 2-4 mycolic acids previously reported.
    • The isolated compounds are likely homologs of various mycolate types.

    Conclusions:

    • The study demonstrates a much higher diversity of mycolic acids in mycobacteria than previously recognized.
    • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of the structural diversity and biological roles of mycolic acids.
    • The developed HPLC method provides a powerful tool for future mycolic acid research.