The role of tissue factor in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and atherosclerosis

TF is a major regulator of coagulation and hemostasis. High levels of TF antigen and activity are detected in atherosclerotic lesions, particularly in the advanced lesions. When the plaques are ruptured or eroded, exposure of cellular and extracellular TF to circulating blood play a pivotal role in mediating fibrin-rich thrombus formation leading to acute coronary syndromes. On the other hand, activation of blood coagulation and deficiency of coagulation inhibitors, without endothelial cell denudation, are considered to be an important factor of thrombogenesis in the microcirculation. The imbalance between TF and TFPI seems to be important in promoting fibrin thrombus formation in the lung of endotoxin induced DIC condition.