Vestibular schwannoma management in the next century: a radiosurgical perspective

To discuss how the evolution of vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery, changes in health care delivery, and patient accessibility to medical information will affect the management of vestibular schwannomas in the future.

In comparison with microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas, radiosurgery has a lower morbidity rate, a similar risk of requiring further surgery, and higher patient satisfaction. As this information becomes more widely available to patients and third-party payors, radiosurgery may replace surgical resection as the preferred management strategy for patients with small to medium sized vestibular schwannomas in the United States.

It is estimated that 2500 patients are diagnosed with vestibular schwannomas each year in the United States. Assuming that 80% undergo surgery, 2000 operations are performed annually for newly diagnosed vestibular schwannomas. Data available since 1987 regarding the number of cases for which gamma knife radiosurgery was performed were used to predict the number of patients who will undergo vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery in the future. If the current trend continues, an equal number of patients will undergo surgical resection and radiosurgery to treat their vestibular schwannomas (approximately 1000/yr) sometime between 2005 and 2010. Moreover, it is predicted that by 2020, two-thirds of the patients who are newly diagnosed with vestibular schwannomas will undergo radiosurgery, with surgical resection being reserved for patients with large tumors associated with symptomatic brain stem compression.

Early data regarding vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery predicted an exponential growth curve. Although it is premature to assume that the current trend will continue, it is likely that an ever increasing percentage of patients will undergo radiosurgery as accessibility to this alternative increases, and more data are published regarding long-term tumor growth control rates. If the mathematical model proves to be accurate, then stereotactic radiosurgery will replace surgical resection as the preferred management strategy for the majority of patients with vestibular schwannomas.