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Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
Published on: March 14, 2017
Surgical anatomy of the parathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism
P C Butterworth1, M L Nicholson
1Academic Department of Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, UK.
Abstract:
Parathyroidectomy is commonly required in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to end stage renal failure. Most descriptions of parathyroid anatomy are based on studies of normal glands. The details of parathyroid anatomy in 60 consecutive patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure are presented. Comparisons are made with the anatomical locations in series of normal glands. Based on these findings a strategy is proposed for the successful identification of all the parathyroid glands in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism.
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