Genetic screening and ethics: European perspectives

Area of Science:

• Medical Genetics
• Public Health Policy
• Bioethics

Background:

• Genetic screening programs exhibit significant variability in development across European nations.
• Regional differences are influenced by genetic disease prevalence and the adoption of novel genetic services.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze and compare the landscape of genetic screening programs throughout Europe.
• To identify key factors influencing program implementation and societal reception.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of existing genetic screening programs in European countries.
• Review of policies, social responses, and ethical considerations related to genetic screening.

Main Results:

• Most programs target pregnant women and newborns, focusing on treatable disorders or conditions allowing for termination.
• Population-level adult screening is rare, with thalassaemia carrier screening being a notable exception in specific countries.
• Social attitudes towards genetic screening range from acceptance to significant opposition, often invoking concerns about eugenics.

Conclusions:

• The implementation of genetic screening programs in Europe is diverse, reflecting both medical needs and societal values.
• There is a critical need for robust legal frameworks, particularly concerning anti-discrimination measures, to safeguard individuals within genetic screening initiatives.