Role of angiotensin in renal vascular development

All components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are expressed in the developing kidney in a temporospatial pattern that suggests a role for this system in kidney morphogenesis. Pharmacological blockade of angiotensin actions in fetal and newborn animals results in striking alterations in kidney architecture, including immature glomeruli and papillae, dilated tubuli, and arrested vascular development. Inactivation of angiotensinogen or angiotensin converting enzyme genes in mice results in similar anomalies that begin as subtle alterations in early life and become more pronounced as extrauterine life progresses. However, inactivation of each angiotensin receptor subtype does not result in obvious morphological abnormalities, suggesting functional redundancy at the receptor level. Crossing of mice lacking the various receptor subtypes should be revealing. Overall, the available information suggests that the RAS is necessary for the normal morphological and functional development of the kidney and the preservation of kidney architecture in adult life.