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Related Experiment Videos

Asymptomatic hyperglycaemia and early atherosclerotic changes

R Kawamori1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|September 18, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasonography reveals accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Increased intimal-medial thickness (IMT) in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) indicates higher cardiovascular disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis, a key contributor to cardiovascular disease, can be non-invasively assessed using ultrasonographic scanning of carotid arteries.
  • Intimal-medial thickness (IMT) is a marker for atherosclerosis, and its progression is influenced by metabolic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in carotid artery IMT in individuals with type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
  • To explore the relationship between IMT, glycemic status, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultrasonographic scanning to measure carotid artery IMT.
  • Compared IMT values across groups with type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance.

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Main Results:

  • IMT was significantly accelerated in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to age-matched controls.
  • Elevated IMT was observed in patients with cerebral lacunar infarctions and coronary artery stenosis.
  • In type 1 diabetes, IMT correlated with diabetes duration and age, suggesting hyperglycemia's role in atherosclerosis.
  • Individuals with hyperinsulinaemic IGT exhibited increased IMT, linked to insulin resistance and postprandial hyperglycemia.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerated atherosclerosis, indicated by increased IMT, is prevalent in diabetic and pre-diabetic individuals.
  • Elevated IMT signifies increased cardiovascular disease risk, even with mild glucose level increases.
  • Findings support the use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors to manage postprandial hyperglycemia and reduce cardiovascular risk.