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Perspectives for a hepatitis C virus vaccine

S Abrignani1, D Rosa

  • 1IRIS Research Centre, Chiron S.p.A., Siena, Italy. abrignani@iris02.biocine.it

Clinical and Diagnostic Virology
|September 19, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Developing a hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine shows promise. Immunizing chimpanzees with HCV E1/E2 proteins generated neutralizing antibodies and protected against chronic infection, suggesting a potential vaccine strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to chronic illness due to poor natural immunity.
  • Despite immune responses to HCV proteins, a vaccine remains unavailable, with high annual incidence in the USA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore strategies for overcoming challenges in developing an HCV vaccine.
  • To report recent advancements in HCV vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a cytofluorimetric assay (neutralization of binding or NOB assay) to measure antibodies neutralizing HCV E2 glycoprotein binding to human cells.
  • Assessment of NOB antibody levels in vaccinated and carrier chimpanzees.

Main Results:

  • Most chimpanzees challenged with HCV showed low levels of NOB antibodies.
  • Chimpanzees immunized with E1/E2 heterodimer developed NOB antibodies and high neutralizing antibody titers.
  • Vaccinated chimpanzees were protected from chronic infection but not initial challenge by a heterologous virus.

Conclusions:

  • A subunit vaccine using recombinant HCV proteins may offer protection against infection and chronic infection across different HCV genotypes.

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