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Related Experiment Videos

[Isoniazid-induced pneumonitis]

S Hatakeyama1, A Tatibana, K Suzuki

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yaizu Municipal Hospital, Japan.

Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi = the Journal of the Japanese Respiratory Society
|September 22, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Isoniazid (INH) treatment can cause drug-induced pneumonitis, a lung inflammation. This case highlights the importance of considering INH as a cause of respiratory symptoms and abnormal lung findings during treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Isoniazid (INH) is a first-line antitubercular drug.
  • Drug-induced lung injury is a known but uncommon adverse effect of medications.

Observation:

  • An 82-year-old male developed dry cough and malaise on day 9 of INH treatment.
  • Chest imaging revealed infiltrative shadows and abnormal lung density.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed neutrophilia and lymphocytosis.

Findings:

  • Transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated alveolar wall edema and inflammatory cell infiltration.
  • A positive drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) confirmed INH hypersensitivity.
  • Discontinuation of INH led to symptom resolution and normalization of lung findings.

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Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for isoniazid-induced pneumonitis.
  • Diagnostic tools like DLST are crucial for identifying drug-induced lung disease.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for INH-related pulmonary toxicity.