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Related Experiment Videos

Updating a situation model: a memory-based text processing view

E J O'Brien1, M L Rizzella, J E Albrecht

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham. eob@christa.unh.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|September 25, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Readers maintain updated mental models of characters when reading, but memory-based text processing suggests qualifications are reactivated later, causing comprehension difficulty. This study supports the memory-based view.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Reading Comprehension

Background:

  • Prior research showed readers detect protagonist inconsistencies.
  • This study investigates how qualifications affect inconsistency detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test two theories of text comprehension: here-and-now mapping vs. memory-based processing.
  • To determine if qualifications are integrated into active memory or reactivated later.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments were conducted.
  • Participants read texts describing a protagonist with a characteristic that was later qualified.
  • Comprehension difficulty was measured when reading a target action.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • All five experiments supported the memory-based text processing view.
  • Readers experienced comprehension difficulty despite the added qualification.

Conclusions:

  • Qualifications are not immediately integrated into the active discourse model.
  • The memory-based text processing model better explains how readers handle character information and inconsistencies.