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Lead-induced changes in spermatozoa function and metabolism

P C Hsu1, C C Hsu, M Y Liu

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A
|September 25, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Lead exposure in male rats reduced testosterone and caused early sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, impairing sperm-oocyte penetration. This highlights lead toxicity

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Toxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Sperm Biology

Background:

  • Lead toxicity is a significant environmental concern affecting male reproductive health.
  • Understanding the impact of lead on sperm function is crucial for assessing fertility risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of lead exposure on sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and sperm-oocyte penetration rate (SOPR).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which lead toxicity impacts male rat sperm functions.

Main Methods:

  • Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to lead acetate or sodium acetate (control) for 6 weeks.
  • Serum testosterone levels were measured. Sperm ROS generation was assessed via chemiluminescence.
  • Capacitation and acrosome reaction status were evaluated using chlortetracycline fluorescence assay.

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Main Results:

  • Lead exposure significantly reduced serum testosterone levels.
  • Sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and capacitation were significantly increased in lead-exposed rats.
  • Increased capacitation and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa were negatively associated with sperm-oocyte penetration rate (SOPR).

Conclusions:

  • Lead exposure in male rats leads to decreased serum testosterone and early onset of sperm capacitation, potentially via ROS generation pathways.
  • These lead-induced alterations may result in premature acrosome reaction and diminished sperm-oocyte penetrating capability, impacting fertility.