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Topical morphine in a canine model: a pilot study

D P Moore1, R Parikh, S H Vernick

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|September 28, 1998
PubMed
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Topical morphine absorption into synovial fluid was investigated in dogs. Ultrasound did not enhance morphine entry, but lower body weight was associated with higher morphine levels in joint fluid.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Biomedical Research
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Topical analgesics are widely used for pain management.
  • Understanding drug penetration into joint spaces is crucial for optimizing pain relief.
  • The role of physical modalities like ultrasound in enhancing topical drug delivery remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To ascertain whether topical morphine can penetrate the synovial cavity.
  • To evaluate the effect of ultrasound on the absorption of topical morphine into joint fluid.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial was conducted using ten mongrel dogs.
  • Topical morphine was applied to the knees, with one group receiving ultrasound and the other sham ultrasound.

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  • Synovial fluid, serum, and urine samples were collected and analyzed for morphine presence.

    • Main Results:

    • Morphine was detected in synovial fluid and urine in both ultrasound and sham ultrasound groups.
    • Serum samples consistently tested negative for morphine.
    • Ultrasound application did not significantly alter morphine levels in any tested body fluid.
    • A significant inverse correlation was found between canine body weight and positive synovial fluid morphine detection (p=.03).

    Conclusions:

    • Ultrasound does not enhance the absorption of topical morphine into the synovial cavity in this canine model.
    • Canine body weight may be a confounding factor, with lighter animals showing increased synovial fluid morphine levels.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate factors influencing topical analgesic penetration into joints.