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Human dirofilariasis

K W Knauer1

  • 1Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4474, USA.

Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice
|October 1, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Human dirofilariasis, caused by heartworm, is often overlooked despite potential for misdiagnosis. Further research is needed to understand its prevalence and impact in humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Human Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Canine dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) is a well-established parasitic infection in dogs, known for over three centuries.
  • Human dirofilariasis, while less studied, occurs when humans act as dead-end hosts, developing lesions from the parasite.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the underrecognized issue of human dirofilariasis.
  • To emphasize the potential for misdiagnosis of human dirofilariasis, leading to unnecessary medical interventions.
  • To advocate for increased awareness and diagnostic consideration of human dirofilariasis, particularly in endemic regions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on canine and human dirofilariasis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges associated with human infections.
  • Discussion of epidemiological implications and diagnostic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Human dirofilariasis, though often resulting in benign lesions, can mimic more serious conditions.
  • Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary procedures, increasing patient costs and morbidity.
  • Solitary pulmonary "coin" lesions in endemic areas warrant consideration for human dirofilariasis.

Conclusions:

  • Human dirofilariasis requires greater clinical attention and consideration in differential diagnoses.
  • Widespread serologic screening and epidemiological surveys are crucial for accurately assessing the significance of human dirofilariasis.
  • Improved diagnostic awareness can prevent unnecessary medical interventions and associated patient harm.

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