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Related Experiment Videos

[Pulmonary dirofilariasis associated with pleural effusion]

Y Yamakami1, S Mizunoe, E Yamagata

  • 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oita Medical University, Japan.

Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi = the Journal of the Japanese Respiratory Society
|October 1, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary dirofilariasis, a rare lung infection caused by Dirofilaria immitis, can mimic other conditions. Diagnosis involves identifying specific antigens in pleural fluid, and treatment with diethylcarbamazine is effective.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pleural effusion is a common clinical presentation with diverse etiologies.
  • Malignancy and infection are primary considerations in pleural effusion diagnosis.
  • Eosinophilia in pleural fluid can indicate parasitic or allergic conditions.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old male presented with chronic productive cough and right-sided pleural effusion.
  • Blood-stained pleural fluid lacked malignant cells but showed marked eosinophilia.
  • Diagnostic imaging revealed a right-sided pleural effusion.

Findings:

  • Ouchterlony's double-diffusion test identified specific bands against Dirofilaria immitis antigen in serum and pleural fluid.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition confirmed the specificity of the antigen detection.

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  • The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary dirofilariasis.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights pulmonary dirofilariasis as a differential diagnosis for unexplained pleural effusion with eosinophilia.
    • Accurate diagnosis relies on specific serological testing for parasitic antigens.
    • Diethylcarbamazine demonstrated efficacy in treating pulmonary dirofilariasis.