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Growth factor receptors as targets for therapy in pediatric brain tumors
1Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill., USA.
Abstract:
Growth factor receptors (GFRs) have been described as overexpressed in several types of brain tumors. Overexpression of these transmembrane proteins is considered to be an important part of tumorigenesis. Genetic as well as epigenetic modulation of the receptors have to be considered when trying to understand the role of GFRs in tumors or as targets for tumor therapy. GFR function can be modulated by membrane components (e.g. gangliosides) or by the change in receptor glycosylation. These types of changes and the occurrence of the expression of mutated receptor expressed in tumor cell can result in altered signaling. In this review, we have focused on GFRs, their expression and mutations in brain tumors. Recently the correlation between GFR expression and patient outcome has suggested that these tyrosine kinases and their signaling might play a decisive role in the course of patients with brain tumors. The importance of GFRs as possible targets for brain tumor therapy is also discussed.
Insights
Growth factor receptors (GFRs) are overexpressed in brain tumors, impacting tumorigenesis. Understanding GFRs, their mutations, and signaling is crucial for developing targeted brain tumor therapies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Growth factor receptors (GFRs) are transmembrane proteins frequently overexpressed in various brain tumors.
- GFR overexpression plays a significant role in the development and progression of brain tumors (tumorigenesis).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the expression and mutations of GFRs in brain tumors.
- To discuss the role of GFRs in altered cellular signaling and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on GFR expression, genetic/epigenetic modulation, and mutations in brain tumors.
- Analysis of how GFR function is affected by membrane components and glycosylation.
- Examination of the correlation between GFR expression and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- GFRs are overexpressed in multiple brain tumor types, contributing to tumorigenesis.
- Altered GFR signaling occurs due to genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and post-translational modifications like glycosylation.
- A correlation exists between GFR expression and patient outcomes, highlighting their prognostic significance.
Conclusions:
- GFRs are critical players in brain tumor development and progression.
- Targeting GFRs and their signaling pathways presents a promising strategy for brain tumor therapy.
- Further research into GFR modulation and mutations is essential for advancing treatment options.