X-ray microanalysis of native airway surface liquid collected by cryotechnique

The airway surface liquid (ASL) that lines the surface epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree is of vital importance to the airway defence against microbial invasion and damage due to environmental factors. Little is known about the ASL collected in situ in native conditions, owing to difficulties in collecting ASL without causing damage to the airway mucosa. We have developed a method to collect and analyse the elemental composition of tracheal ASL in pathogen-free mice. A specially designed cryoprobe, adapted to the internal curvature of the mouse trachea, was used to collect the native ASL from the tracheal surface. The complete ASL elemental composition including [Na] = 5.5 +/- 0.3, [Cl] = 1.3 +/- 0.3, [K] = 1.1 +/- 0.2, [Ca] = 1.2 +/- 0.3, [P] = 1.5 +/- 0.8, [S] = 1.7 +/- 0.4 and [Mg] = 1.3 +/- 0.4 mmol L-1 was determined by X-ray micro-analysis. We demonstrate here that the technique that we used for ASL collection maintained perfectly the airway epithelial integrity and functionality.