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gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid in human urine
Summary
Researchers identified gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in human urine, an amino acid crucial for blood coagulation. A new method quantifies this compound, revealing typical daily excretion levels in adults.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Chemistry
Background:
- gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is essential for vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding in blood coagulation proteins.
- The presence and quantification of free Gla in human urine were previously unestablished.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in human urine.
- To develop a quantitative method for free Gla in urine.
- To determine normal urinary excretion levels of Gla in adults.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and identification of urinary Gla using electrophoretic, chromatographic, and mass spectrometry techniques.
- Confirmation of Gla structure via heat decarboxylation to glutamic acid.
- Development of a quantitative method involving anion-exchange concentration and automatic amino acid analysis.
Main Results:
- gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid was successfully identified in human urine.
- A reliable method for quantifying free urinary Gla was established.
- Urinary excretion ranged from 19-42 mumol/24 h in non-fasting adults, with no significant difference noted between males and females.
Conclusions:
- Human urine contains free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.
- The developed method allows for accurate quantification of urinary Gla.
- Established excretion ranges provide a baseline for potential clinical applications.